Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a fermentação semi-carbônica como tratamento pós-colheita de café submetido a diferentes tipos de processamento sobre a qualidade do café e sobre a incidência de fungos. O experimento foi conduzido no IFSULDEMINAS Campus Inconfidentes, Brasil, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Foi realizado com 9 tratamentos considerando os frutos em diferentes estádios fenológicos fermentados e não fermentados. Foram analisados os parâmetros físicos, químicos, microbiológicos e a qualidade sensorial do café. A qualidade sensorial dos cafés cereja verde+maduro e verde claro melhorou significativamente, apresentando diminuição na incidência dos fungos Cladosporium. O café fermentado apresentou tonalidades mais avermelhadas. O processo de fermentação melhora a qualidade dos grãos de café verde claro e verde + maduro. O processo de fermentação semi-carbônica afeta resultando em cerejas de café com tons avermelhados. A fermentação semi-carbônica reduz a incidência de fungos Cladosporium, sem alterar a qualidade do café.

Abstract The objective of this this work was to evaluate semi-carbonic fermentation as a post-harvest treatment of coffee subjected to different processing types on the coffee qualities and on the incidence of fungi. The experiment was conducted in IFSULDEMINAS Campus Inconfidentes, Brazil, in a randomized block design. It was carried out in 9 treatments considering the fruits in different fermented and non-fermented phenological stages. The coffee physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters and sensorial quality were analyzed. The sensorial quality of green + ripe, and light green coffee cherries was significantly improved, presenting decreases in incidence of Cladosporium fungi. The fermented coffee presented more reddish hues. The fermentation process improves the quality of light green and green + ripe coffee cherries. Semi-carbonic fermentation process affects resulting in coffee cherries with reddish hues. Semi-carbonic fermentation reduces the incidence of Cladosporium fungi, without altering the coffee quality.

ABSTRACT The pre-harvest application of the bioprotective agent Cladosporium cladosporioides is an alternative to inhibit these fermentative processes that might occur in coffee beans that were either their storing bag or exposed to simulated rain, because a controlled amount of water was applied to the coffee. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen) de Vries in the physical-chemical and sensory of the coffee beans. The study was conducted in an arabica coffee plantation, in the municipality of Inconfidentes, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In this study used four different doses of the bioprotector and three different pos-harvest conditions. The sour defective coffee beans, electrical conductivity, total titratable acidity, soluble solids, color and it was determined the general quality of coffee of both the left-in-bag and rainfall-exposed variants were positively influenced by the bioprotector. The bioprotector promoted an increase in the quality of the physical and chemical composition and sensory quality of rainfall and left-in-bag coffees compared to coffee beans without bioprotector. The bioprotector also maintained quality in rainfall and left-in-bag coffee when compared with the yard-grown variant. The sensory quality of the yard-grown coffeed was not influenced by the bioprotector. preharvest pre harvest rain Fresen (Fresen physicalchemical plantation Inconfidentes Gerais Brazil posharvest pos conditions conductivity acidity solids leftinbag left rainfallexposed yardgrown yard grown variant

ABSTRACT Although the use of inoculants containing rhizobia is encouraged, there are no official recommendations for inoculation of snap bean. In this respect, the aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of Rhizobium strains in symbiosis with snap bean cultivars with different growth habits and crop cycles. The experiment was carried out in pots with soil in a greenhouse in the spring-summer season in Lavras, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with 4 replications, in a 4 × 7 factorial arrangement involving four snap bean cultivars and seven treatments – five strains of Rhizobium (UFLA 02-100, UFLA 02-127, UFLA 04-173, CIAT 899, and PRF 81), plus two controls without inoculation (with and without 500 mg N-NH4NO3∙dm–3). We conclude that: i) while genetic differences were observed among cultivars with respect to nodulating capacity, in all cases significant benefits were observed from BNF inoculation and ii) inoculation with selected strains of Rhizobium, as well as fertilization with mineral N, favors plant growtht, snap bean yields, and accumulation of N in the pods and, therefore, can fully substitute nitrogen fertilization in snap bean grown under protected cultivation.

O objetivo foi avaliar a produtividade de cultivares de morangueiro, em diferentes épocas de plantio. O experimento foi conduzido em Bom Repouso, sul de Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados com cinco repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, envolvendo quatro cultivares (Aromas, Camarosa, Festival e Oso Grande) e quatro épocas de plantio (maio, junho, julho e agosto), no espaçamento de 35x35 cm. O plantio em maio proporcionou a melhor opção, exceto para 'Oso Grande' em que não houve diferença entre maio, junho e julho; já o plantio em agosto apresentou resultado inferior. Quanto às cultivares, Aromas esteve entre as mais produtivas em maio e agosto, enquanto que Oso Grande teve esse desempenho em todas as épocas estudadas. Para a característica de massa de frutos comerciais o comportamento das cultivares foi o mesmo observado para o número de frutos comerciais. Para frutos não comerciais e massa de frutos não comerciais não houve interação significativa entre os fatores estudados, sendo que 'Aromas' e 'Oso Grande' apresentaram resultados inferiores, o que é vantajoso. 'Oso Grande' proporcionou maior número de frutos comerciais, sendo assim considerada neste trabalho a cultivar que mais se adaptou para os plantios em Bom Repouso.

We evaluated strawberry yield in different planting dates. The experiment was carried out in Bom Repouso, southern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. A randomized block design with five replications in a factorial design was used, comprising four cultivars (Aromas, Camarosa, Festival and Oso Grande) and four planting dates (May, June, July and August), in a spacing of 35x35 cm. Planting on May was the best option, except for 'Oso Grande' with no difference among May, June and July, the result being inferior in August. Regarding the cultivars, 'Aromas' was among the most productive in May and August, while 'Oso Grande' kept its productivity throughout the studied seasons. The cultivars presented the same characteristic for marketable fruits number and mass. There was no interaction between number and mass of no marketable fruits, in which 'Aromas' and 'Oso Grande' presented inferior results, considered advantageous. 'Oso Grande' produced the highest number of marketable fruits and was considered, in this study, the cultivar most adapted for the planting seasons in Bom Repouso.

Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, avaliar o comportamento de linhagens de alface quanto à resistência ao nematoide das galhas Meloidogyne javanica, identificando a provável existência de linhagens homozigotas para o caráter. Foram utilizados como tratamentos cinco linhagens F4 e seis linhagens F5, juntamente com as testemunhas 'Grand Rapids' (resistente) e 'Regina 71' (suscetível), além da cultivar de tomateiro Santa Clara. A semeadura foi feita em bandejas de poliestireno expandido, sendo o substrato infestado com ovos de M. javanica, na proporção de 30 ovos cm-3 de substrato. Aos quarenta e sete dias após a infestação, cada planta foi avaliada individualmente quanto aos seguintes caracteres: índice visual de galhas, número de ovos, fator de reprodução e índice de reprodução. Cada linhagem foi comparada com as testemunhas 'Regina 71' e 'Grand Rapids', para cada característica, através do teste de Dunnett (5%), obtendo-se a significância em relação a cada uma das testemunhas, permitindo a classificação de cada linhagem como homozigota resistente, homozigota suscetível ou segregante. Pelos resultados obtidos conclui-se que seis linhagens (AFX 018C 002 23 15, AFX 018C 002 23 22, AFX 018C 005 42 20, AFX 018C 005 44 22, AFX 018C 005 44 28 e AFX 022B 010 31) foram consideradas homozigotas resistentes para as características avaliadas, podendo ser utilizadas como novas fontes de resistência ao M. javanica em programas de melhoramento de alface.

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the behavior of lettuce lineages as for resistence to nematode from the Meloidogyne javanica root-knots, identifying probable existence of homozigote lineages for the characteristics. Five F4 and six F5 lineages were used as treatments together with the controls 'Grand Rapids' (resistent) and 'Regina 71' (susceptible), apart from the Santa Clara tomato plant cultivar. The sowing was done over expanded polystyrene trays with the substrate infested by M. javanica eggs in the proportion of 30 eggs cm-3 of substrat. At 47 days after infestation, each plant was evaluated individually as for the following characteristics: visual level of root-knots, number of eggs, level and factor of reproduction. Every lineage was compared to the 'Regina 71' and 'Grand Rapids' for each characteristic, through Dunnett (5%) test, obtaining the significance in relation to each control, allowing the classification of each lineage as resistant homozigote, susceptible homozigote or segregated. The results obtained showed that six lineages (AFX 018C 002 23 15, AFX 018C 002 23 22, AFX 018C 005 42 20, AFX 018C 005 44 22, AFX 018C 005 44 28 and AFX 022B 010 31) were considered resistant homozigote for the evaluated characteristics, and maybe being used as new sources of resistance to M. javanica in lettuce breeding program.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar características comerciais, produtividade, tolerância ao florescimento precoce e resistência ao nematóide das galhas Meloidogyne incognita raça 1 em 25 famílias F4 de alface, oriundas de cruzamentos envolvendo as cultivares Grand Rapids, Regina 71 e Verônica. No primeiro experimento, foram avaliadas as características de limbo e borda foliares, massa fresca da parte aérea e número de dias da semeadura até a antese da primeira flor (tolerância ao florescimento precoce). No segundo experimento, avaliou-se a resistência à Meloidogyne incognita raça 1 através do índice de galhas, número de galhas e massa de ovos por sistema radicular. Cinco famílias apresentaram notas para borda e limbo foliares semelhantes às cultivares Verônica e Grand Rapids. Além disso, 84% das famílias demonstraram tolerância ao florescimento precoce semelhante à cultivar Verônica e 92% delas foram consideradas homozigotas para resistência à Meloidogyne incognita raça 1.

The objective of this study was to evaluate yield, commercial characteristics, tolerance to early bolting and resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita race 1 in 25 F4 families of crispleaf lettuce, obtained out of crosses between cultivars Grand Rapids, Regina 71, and Verônica. In the first experiment, we evaluate leaf blade and borders characteristics, aboveground fresh weight, and number of days from sowing to the anthesis of first flower (tolerance to early bolting). In the second experiment, we evaluated the resistance to Meloidogyne incognita race 1 via gall index and number of galls and egg masses per root system. Five families had scores for leaf blade and borders similar to cultivars Verônica and Grand Rapids. Furthermore, 84% of the families were as tolerant to early bolting as cultivar Veronica, while 92% of the families were homozygous for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita race 1.